Showing posts with label Science. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Science. Show all posts

Wednesday, 17 June 2020

Doctors and Covid-19 - Iñigo 4º Primary


INTRODUCTION

I have decided to write about doctors because they are professionals that instead of being worried about themselves, they worry about us. Also, I have focused on the Intensive Care Units, also known as ICU.

I had the idea after interviewing Dr. Carlos F, boss of the ICU in the Clinic Hospital of Barcelona, one of the most prestigious hospitals in Europe, and with Marcos’ Dad, our school partner.

We are going to talk about the following aspects of the medicine in this article:
The Spanish Health System, The medicine specialties, the ICUs and the interview with Dr. Carlos F.

Dr. Carlos F


 THE SPANISH HEALTH SYSTEM

The Spanish Health system has three characteristics:

1-      It is a universal system ( every Spanish inhabitant has the right to be looked after )
2-      There is a network of centres of primary attention (known in Cataluña as CAPs) and,
3-      They have a system for public health and a private one.


THE MEDICINE SPECIALITIES

In Spain, there are 3.8 doctors for every 1.000 habitants. This is a low number compared to neighboring countries like France where there are more than 10/1.000 ratio.
There are 790 hospitals, of which 340 are public. 158.000 beds (297 per habitant), of which 4.404 are ICU beds.
In Spain, there are more than 30 health specialties, including diagnostical specialties.

THE ICU

The Intensive Care Unit is one special installation inside the hospital that ensures intensive medicine. When patients enter intensive care, they have a bad condition of health that puts their lives at risk and one that requires constant monitoring of their vital signs and other parameters, like the liquid control.
The two important criteria for the admission of patients into the ICU are one, to elevate the level of care and two, be recoverable patients.



INTERVIEW WITH DR. CARLOS F

To know more about the intensive care unit, I have interviewed Dr. Carlos F.

Q: Can you tell us your specialty and where do you work?

A: I am an anesthetist and I work in the Clinic Hospital of Barcelona. One of the 20 best hospitals in the world. I am the boss of the ICU of the Hospital. What we do here is receive patients that are very sick. Half of them come out of important surgeries, others come from accidents.

Q: When you were a child did you want to become a doctor?

A: From very young, I wanted to become a doctor because almost all my family were on the sanitary branch. When I was your age, I started to read things about medicine.

Q: Was it very difficult to study medicine?

A: The difficult thing about medicine is not the university. There are more difficult universities like Engineering. The difficult thing is to enter the university. There are only a few places for a lot of candidates. You need to study a lot before the university, to have a great degree, and enter the medical university. During university, you need to dedicate study hours. If you study and you know the theory, in the exams you will do it great. It´s not like in engineering where they give you a problem and for all that you have study, maybe you answer it wrong.

Q: Can you describe an ICU unit?

A: It’s like a big stage with closed bedrooms. Everyone for a patient and it looks like an airplane cabin. There is one bed and a lot of screens. With that, we can see everything that occurs to the patient, externally and internally. In the head, the heart…We have all the body monitored. A lot of the patients are anesthetized. We put stickers on the face to know how much asleep they are having. We measure how the heart works. The heart carries the blood with oxygen to all the parts of the body. We measure the oxygen that goes to the cells. We measure how the lungs are breeding. We measure how the kidney works…

Q: What does your day look like?

A: We work from 8:00 am to 16:00, except the ward days in which we work 24 hours in a row.
At 8:00am, we have a meeting in which we talk and discuss about all the patients we have. How were the last 24 hours? What we are going to do with them? If we are going to change something about the treatment? If we are going to let them breathe on their own?
At 9:00 am, we visit them.
At 12:00, we have another meeting, when we go all together bedroom per bedroom together with the nurses and we share opinions. The opinion of a doctor can be wrong but when a lot of doctors think together, it is more difficult to do mistakes.
At 14:00, we inform families.
When we finish, we write and describe what we have done with all the patients.
We are one doctor for every 3 or 4 patients. In the ICU Clinic, we have 48 beds.

Q: Have you had a lot of changes in your every day with the COVID 19?

A: A lot. For you to have an idea, we usually have 48 beds in the ICU. Over these three months, we have increased from 48 to 170 beds. We multiplied per three. With patients extremely sick, there was no treatment. It was only vital support.

Q: Now, is it getting better?

A: A lot better than before. Now, we have come back to the 48 beds of ICU that we have and we don´t have any more patients with coronavirus. Before we had 160 patients, all of them of with coronavirus. Now, zero.

That has been thanks to social distancing and good weather.

Q: You think that we will overcome this pandemic?

A: Of course, like we have overcome others. In fact, we already defeated it. The important thing is that it will not happen again. We are more prepared.

CONCLUSION

The ICUs are the last layer to save lives.

Despite having less than 5.000 beds in the ICU. Spain has defeated this terrible pandemic of COVID 19 and that has been possible thanks to excellent professionals like Dr. Carlos F and our great health system.

Friday, 12 June 2020

Saving Endangered Animals 1º Primary

Olivia

Saving endangered animals


-WHAT ARE ENDANGERED ANIMALS?
Endangered animals mean they are at risk of dying out. There will be no more these animals on the Earth. Scientists think animals are threatened to be extinct. Their habitats are being lost and some of them are being hunted for body parts or food.

-WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THESE ENDANGERED ANIMALS?

Tigers
Tigers are the biggest cats in the world. They are strong and powerful. They live in hot places like Indonesia. They live in cold places like Russia. Tigers that live in cold places are bigger than other tigers. Their stripes are all different. Today, there are less than 3,500 species of tiger left on the Earth.

Panda
Pandas are black and white. They are cute. They live in the highest mountains. They munch on bamboo for hours each day. Pandas are endangered too. Today, there are about 1,600 pandas left in the wild. They have nowhere to go and no food to eat.

Crocodiles
Do you know which kind of crocodilian is the largest? The largest crocodilian in the world is the saltwater. It is an excellent swimmer. They are cold-blooded and have scaly skin that is called reptiles. Many reptiles lay eggs on land. Crocodilians have excellent senses. They can see, smell, and hear better than many other reptiles. They see much better in the dark than we do.

Polar bears
When you were a baby, have you ever heard the poem “Polar bear, Polar bear, What do you hear?” They are very famous. They live in the Arctic. These bears have thick fur to keep them warm. They are also in trouble. Our Earth is getting warmer. There is less sea ice now. This is dangerous for polar bears. They need the ice to hunt.

Leatherback turtle
It is the largest turtle and one of the biggest reptiles in the world. They walk on the land very slowly, but they can swim very fast in the water. They eat jellyfish and some fish, but plastic trash can look like jellyfish in the ocean and that spells trouble! Swallowing trash can hurt and even kill sea turtles. Trash isn’t the only danger to sea turtles. Fishing nets and hungry animals can harm them, too.

Black Rhinoceros 
We often see rhinos in the zoo. Rhinos are big and strong and have two horns. They live in grasslands and forests in eastern and southern Africa. Rhinos have sharp senses of smell and hearing, but very poor eyesight. For many years, they have been killed for their meat and hide, and hunted for sport.

-IMPACT OF LOSS OF HABITAT

As I have written, there are more animals in danger, like elephants, monkeys, manatees, wolves, etc. Lots of communities pass laws to protect animals, but habitat loss is a big problem. There are more people on the Earth, and they need more space to live and grow food, so animals lose their habitats a lot, lose their food, and cannot stay alive.

-WHAT YOU CAN DO

There are many things you can do to help animals that are in danger.
﹒Recycle things
﹒Plant some trees or plants
﹒Energy saving environmental protection
﹒Pick up trash
﹒Learn more about endangered animals
﹒Visit zoos and other wildlife organizations. These places protect animals and their habitats.

I would recommend a cartoon and a very good series of books: Wild Kratts and National Geographic.

WILD KRATTS

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC

CONCLUSION

We have to protect animals as we need to keep the ecological balance. We should try our best to reduce pollution and protect animal habitats because without animals the world will disappear soon.

Animals are amazing!





Non-Newtonian fluids 6º Primary

I know the word can make you think this is a very complicated topic, but this is quite easy. There are liquids in nature, that if you apply pressure or you give it a hard hit, they will turn rigid and stiff as a solid, but when you touch it gently, the liquid will turn soft.



All fluids have a property known as viscosity, which is the measurable “gooeyness” of the fluid or its resistance to flowing.

The key to viscosity is how much friction or resistance a substance has, for example, honey and ketchup are very viscous, while water is not. 

But first: What exactly is a non-Newtonian fluid? Well, as its name says, it’s the opposite of a Newtonian fluid.

A Newtonian fluid is easy to understand; Newton defined it as the perfect fluid, where its viscosity changes with temperature and if you apply pressure. So if you have water at normal temperature and pressure, it will continue to act like a liquid no matter how much you punch it.

Non-Newtonian fluids, on the other hand, follow different rules. You just need to apply some kind of force on it, like a punch, and it will change its viscosity in such a way that it can change its state entirely.

Today I’m going to show you an interesting experiment where you will be able to create your own non-Newtonian fluid. There are lots of types but what we will create today is called Oobleck.

Remember it is a term for fluids that change viscosity under stress. Stress is the force that helps the fluid flow, as the particles prefer a layer of fluid between them. But when they are squeezed together, friction will make the particles move like a solid.


To make this experiment you will need:

·         2 cups of cornstarch (maizena)

·         1 cup of water

Mix it till you feel de mass getting slimy, then enjoy hitting and playing with the oobleck. If you want you can add colorants and glitter.

I CHALLENGE you to send a video of the experiment to miss Helen and maybe earn some merit points or you can just have fun.

https://blog.craneengineering.net/what-are-newtonian-and-non-newtonian-fluids